It was apparently these kinds of agreements that Xbox's Phil Spencer had in mind opens in new tab when he spoke to Sony bosses in January and confirmed Microsoft's "intent to honor all existing agreements upon acquisition of Activision Blizzard". Unfortunately, the footnote ends there, so there's not much in the way of detail about what these restrictions are or how long they'd remain in effect in a potential post-acquisition world.

Given COD's continued non-appearance on Game Pass, you've got to imagine the restrictions are fairly significant if they're not an outright block on COD coming to the service. Either way, the simple fact that Microsoft is apparently willing to maintain any restrictions on its own ability to put first-party games on Game Pass is rather remarkable, given that making Game Pass more appealing is one of the reasons for its acquisition spree.

The irony of Sony making deals like this one while fretting about COD's future on PlayStation probably isn't lost on Microsoft's lawyers, which is no doubt part of why they brought it up to the CMA. While it's absolutely reasonable to worry about a world in which more and more properties are concentrated in the hands of singular, giant megacorps, it does look a bit odd if you're complaining about losing access to games while stopping them from joining competing services.

We'll find out if the CMA agrees when it completes its in-depth, "Phase 2" investigation opens in new tab into the Activision Blizzard acquisition, which is some way off yet.

For now, we'll have to content ourselves with poring over these kinds of corporate submissions for more interesting tidbits like this one. So far, we've already learned that Microsoft privately has a gloomy forecast for the future of cloud gaming opens in new tab , and that the company thinks Sony shouldn't worry so much since, hey, future COD games might be as underwhelming as Vanguard opens in new tab.

Who knows what we'll learn next? Sign up to get the best content of the week, and great gaming deals, as picked by the editors. One of Josh's first memories is of playing Quake 2 on the family computer when he was much too young to be doing that, and he's been irreparably game-brained ever since.

His writing has been featured in Vice, Fanbyte, and the Financial Times. He'll play pretty much anything, and has written far too much on everything from visual novels to Assassin's Creed.

His most profound loves are for CRPGs, immersive sims, and any game whose ambition outstrips its budget. This is risky business indeed.

Setting Option Compare is a module level decision effecting statement level results. If a module doesn't include an Option Compare statement, the default text comparison method is Binary terms defined below :. However, this is not always what one wants. If for example in Excel one wants to check if a workbook with a certain name is open then one wants. The way to ensure the required 'compare text' behavior is by using StrComp function as below. Note: The image on the right shows an example Code VBA add-in support for VBA String procedures.

Compare Binary results in string comparisons based on a sort order derived from the internal binary representations of the characters. In Microsoft Windows, sort order is determined by the code page.

A typical binary sort order is shown in the following example:. Compare Text results in string comparisons based on a case-insensitive text sort order determined by your system's locale. When the same characters are sorted using Option Compare Text , the following text sort order is produced:. Option Compare Database can only be used within Microsoft Access. This results in string comparisons based on the sort order determined by the locale ID of the database where the string comparisons occur.

Home Download Order Contact Help Access Excel Word Code VBA. Checking if two strings are equal Comparing two strings for equality can be tricky.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows , macOS , Android and iOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables , and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications VBA. Excel forms part of the Microsoft Office suite of software.

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, [7] using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations.

It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display.

It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives using pivot tables and the scenario manager. It does this by simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields. It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications , allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics, [9] [10] and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet.

It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application , or decision support system DSS , via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer, [11] or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports. Excel was not designed to be used as a database. Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts.

Excel has functions. Microsoft classifies these functions in 14 categories. Of the current functions, may be called from VBA as methods of the object "WorksheetFunction" [17] and 44 have the same names as VBA functions. With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will become Turing complete. The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications VBA , which is a dialect of Visual Basic.

Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write code directly using the Visual Basic Editor VBE , which includes a window for writing code, debugging code, and code module organization environment.

The user can implement numerical methods as well as automating tasks such as formatting or data organization in VBA [20] and guide the calculation using any desired intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet.

VBA was removed from Mac Excel , as the developers did not believe that a timely release would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X. VBA was restored in the next version, Mac Excel , [21] although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level developer tools. A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder. These actions can then be repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros can also be linked to different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a command button or a graphic.

The actions in the macro can be executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro can also be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by their own properties, and some graphical display items, cannot be recorded but must be entered into the VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced users can employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or changed.

Macro Recorded code may not be compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel cannot be used in Excel Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward compatible.

VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model , [24] a vocabulary identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users for example, through custom toolbars or command bars and message boxes. User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and efficient. From its first version Excel supported end-user programming of macros automation of repetitive tasks and user-defined functions extension of Excel's built-in function library.

In early versions of Excel, these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special-purpose macro sheets stored with file extension.

XLM in Windows. XLM was the default macro language for Excel through Excel 4. After version 5. All versions of Excel, including Excel are capable of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their use. Excel supports charts , graphs , or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. It also supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to be linked directly to a Pivot table.

This allows the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot Table. The generated graphic component can either be embedded within the current sheet or added as a separate object.

These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For example, suppose that the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user's change in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the design change shape, and their points of intersection shift, assisting the selection of the best design.

Additional features are available using add-ins. Several are provided with Excel, including:. Versions of Excel up to 7. Versions 8. Version Microsoft Excel up until version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Binary File Format.

XLS as its primary format. Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements, Excel remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats. In addition, most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV , DBF , SYLK , DIF , and other legacy formats.

Support for some older file formats was removed in Excel org has created documentation of the Excel format. Two epochs of the format exist: the OLE format, and the older stream format. The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel [29] is a simple, XML based format missing some more advanced features like storage of VBA macros.

Though the intended file extension for this format is. xml , the program also correctly handles XML files with. xls extension. This feature is widely used by third-party applications e.

MySQL Query Browser to offer "export to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The following example will be correctly opened by Excel if saved either as Book1. xml or Book1. xls :. Microsoft Excel , along with the other products in the Microsoft Office suite, introduced new file formats. The first of these. xlsx is defined in the Office Open XML OOXML specification. Windows applications such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word , as well as Excel can communicate with each other and use each other's capabilities.

The most common are Dynamic Data Exchange : although strongly deprecated by Microsoft, this is a common method to send data between applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring to it as "the protocol from hell". It is very common in financial markets, being used to connect to important financial data services such as Bloomberg and Reuters.

OLE Object Linking and Embedding allows a Windows application to control another to enable it to format or calculate data. This may take on the form of "embedding" where an application uses another to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint presentation may be embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa. Excel users can access external data sources via Microsoft Office features such as for example.

odc connections built with the Office Data Connection file format. Excel files themselves may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver. Excel can accept data in real-time through several programming interfaces, which allow it to communicate with many data sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters through addins such as Power Plus Pro. Alternatively, Microsoft Query provides ODBC-based browsing within Microsoft Excel. Programmers have produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in a variety of applications and environments other than Microsoft Excel.

These include opening Excel documents on the web using either ActiveX controls, or plugins like the Adobe Flash Player. The Apache POI opensource project provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files. All passwords except password to open a document can be removed instantly regardless of the Microsoft Excel version used to create the document.

These types of passwords are used primarily for shared work on a document. Such password-protected documents are not encrypted , and a data sources from a set password is saved in a document's header. The only type of password that can prevent a trespasser from gaining access to a document is password to open a document. The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document.

In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, the password to open is converted to a bit key that can be instantly cracked. As regards services that use rainbow tables e. Password-Find , it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs can brute-force attack passwords at a rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a second, which not only lets them decrypt a document but also find the original password.

Due to the CSP, an Excel file can't be decrypted, and thus the password to open can't be removed, though the brute-force attack speed remains quite high. Therefore, users who do not change the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents. The situation changed fundamentally in Excel , where the modern AES algorithm with a key of bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced the speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second.

In Excel , the strength of the protection by the default was increased two times due to the use of a ,fold SHA1 to convert a password to a key. Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet program that can edit XLSX files. It can edit and format text in cells, calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the columns, add comments, and create charts.

It can't add columns or rows except at the edge of the document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add spreadsheet tabs.

Excel files themselves may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver. Supported with funding from the Arjay and Frances F. We also present results for congressional districts currently held by Democrats or Republicans, based on residential zip code and party of the local US House member. Retrieved October 9, She holds an MA in American politics and foreign policy from the University College Dublin and a BA in political science from Chapman University.

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